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Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. The macula is the part of the retina that is responsible for clear central vision. In this disease, the macula undergoes changes that may cause the loss of central ("straight-ahead") vision. This condition is usually permanent and may get worse, if it goes untreated.
The symptoms of macular degeneration include: (1) the gradual loss of clear central vision, (2) a distorted, wavy vision, (3) the gradual loss of color vision, and (4) a dark, empty blind spot in the center of your field of vision.
Macular degeneration can be the dry form or the wet form. The dry form is more common, but less severe. There is no known treatment for the dry form. The wet form is less common, and occurs when fluid leaks from blood vessels surrounding the macula. If the wet form is detected early, it may be treatable with certain laser surgery procedures.
Central vision loss due to macular degeneration cannot be restored, but special optical devices can be prescribed to help maximize the effectiveness of a patient's remaining vision. In addition, certain vitamins and mineral supplements may help slow the progression of macular degeneration.